Excellent article, Ingrid and Joanne! I felt a sense of relief to read your critical and constructive perspectives on the quest for the holy grail of impact measures.

I was a bit confused by the labels you used on the vertical axis of your landscape matrix. It's not super clear how you define impact measurement vs evaluation. I would consider impact measurement a form of evaluation (where the value is placed on quantifiable data only). Since that axis is delineating evaluation purposes, I wonder if clearer labels might be something like 'Legitimation' and 'Learning'? 'Legitimation' (or perhaps 'justification') is when you gather evidence or conduct evaluation to meet goals like accountability, promotion and advocacy. 'Learning' (or perhaps 'improvement') is when you analyse or evaluate data in order to inform decision-making or improve practice or outcomes.